Bible Black Visual Art Works Discipline Visual Art Works

Art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature

The visual arts are fine art forms such as painting, cartoon, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual fine art, and cloth arts too involve aspects of visual arts too as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts^[one] are the applied arts^[ii] such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.^[iii]

Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art as well equally the applied or decorative arts and crafts, simply this was non always the case. Before the Arts and crafts Motion in U.k. and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'creative person' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such every bit painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, craft, or practical Visual arts media. The stardom was emphasized by artists of the Craft Movement, who valued colloquial art forms as much every bit loftier forms.^[four] Fine art schools made a stardom betwixt the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could non exist considered a practitioner of the arts.

The increasing tendency to privilege painting, and to a lesser degree sculpture, above other arts has been a feature of Western fine art likewise as E Asian art. In both regions painting has been seen equally relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist, and the furthest removed from transmission labour – in Chinese painting the most highly valued styles were those of "scholar-painting", at least in theory practiced by admirer amateurs. The Western hierarchy of genres reflected similar attitudes.

Education and training [edit]

Grooming in the visual arts has generally been through variations of the amateur and workshop systems. In Europe the Renaissance move to increase the prestige of the artist led to the academy system for preparation artists, and today most of the people who are pursuing a career in arts train in art schools at tertiary levels. Visual arts have at present become an elective subject in almost education systems.^{[5] [6]}

Drawing [edit]

Cartoon is a means of making an image, illustration or graphic using any of a wide diverseness of tools and techniques available online and offline. It mostly involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool beyond a surface using dry media such every bit graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools, including pens, stylus, that simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, shading, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in cartoon is referred to as a draftsman or draughtsman.^[7]

Drawing and painting goes back tens of thousands of years. Art of the Upper Paleolithic includes figurative art beginning between virtually forty,000 to 35,000 years ago. Non-figurative cave paintings consisting of hand stencils and elementary geometric shapes are fifty-fifty older. Paleolithic cave representations of animals are found in areas such as Lascaux, French republic and Altamira, Spain in Europe, Maros, Sulawesi in Asia, and Gabarnmung, Commonwealth of australia.

In ancient Egypt, ink drawings on papyrus, often depicting people, were used as models for painting or sculpture. Drawings on Greek vases, initially geometric, later developed to the human form with black-figure pottery during the seventh century BC.^[viii]

With paper becoming common in Europe past the 15th century, drawing was adopted by masters such every bit Sandro Botticelli, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci who sometimes treated drawing as an art in its own right rather than a preparatory stage for painting or sculpture.^[9]

Painting [edit]

Painting taken literally is the practice of applying paint suspended in a carrier (or medium) and a bounden agent (a glue) to a surface (support) such as paper, sheet or a wall. However, when used in an artistic sense information technology means the use of this activity in combination with cartoon, limerick, or other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is too used to limited spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to The Sistine Chapel to the human body itself.^[10]

History [edit]

Origins and early on history [edit]

Like drawing, painting has its documented origins in caves and on rock faces. The finest examples, believed by some to be 32,000 years old, are in the Chauvet and Lascaux caves in southern France. In shades of red, brown, yellow and black, the paintings on the walls and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses and deer.

Paintings of human figures tin be constitute in the tombs of ancient Egypt. In the great temple of Ramses 2, Nefertari, his queen, is depicted being led past Isis.^[xi] The Greeks contributed to painting only much of their piece of work has been lost. 1 of the all-time remaining representations are the Hellenistic Fayum mummy portraits. Another instance is mosaic of the Battle of Issus at Pompeii, which was probably based on a Greek painting. Greek and Roman fine art contributed to Byzantine art in the 4th century BC, which initiated a tradition in icon painting.^[12]

The Renaissance [edit]

Autonomously from the illuminated manuscripts produced by monks during the Middle Ages, the next meaning contribution to European fine art was from Italia'south renaissance painters. From Giotto in the 13th century to Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael at the outset of the 16th century, this was the richest period in Italian fine art as the chiaroscuro techniques were used to create the illusion of 3-D space.^[xiii]

Painters in northern Europe besides were influenced past the Italian school. Jan van Eyck from Kingdom of belgium, Pieter Bruegel the Elderberry from the netherlands and Hans Holbein the Younger from Frg are among the most successful painters of the times. They used the glazing technique with oils to reach depth and luminosity.

Dutch masters [edit]

The 17th century witnessed the emergence of the groovy Dutch masters such as the versatile Rembrandt who was specially remembered for his portraits and Bible scenes, and Vermeer who specialized in interior scenes of Dutch life.

Baroque [edit]

The Bizarre started later on the Renaissance, from the late 16th century to the late 17th century. Main artists of the Bizarre included Caravaggio, who made heavy utilise of tenebrism. Peter Paul Rubens, a Flemish painter who studied in Italian republic, worked for local churches in Antwerp and also painted a series for Marie de' Medici. Annibale Carracci took influences from the Sistine Chapel and created the genre of illusionistic ceiling painting. Much of the evolution that happened in the Bizarre was because of the Protestant Reformation and the resulting Counter Reformation. Much of what defines the Bizarre is dramatic lighting and overall visuals.^[fourteen]

Impressionism [edit]

Impressionism began in France in the 19th century with a loose clan of artists including Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Paul Cézanne who brought a new freely brushed fashion to painting, often choosing to paint realistic scenes of modern life exterior rather than in the studio. This was achieved through a new expression of aesthetic features demonstrated past castor strokes and the impression of reality. They accomplished intense colour vibration by using pure, unmixed colours and short brush strokes. The move influenced art every bit a dynamic, moving through fourth dimension and adjusting to newfound techniques and perception of art. Attention to detail became less of a priority in achieving, whilst exploring a biased view of landscapes and nature to the artists eye.^{[15] [16]}

Post-impressionism [edit]

Towards the stop of the 19th century, several immature painters took impressionism a stage further, using geometric forms and unnatural colour to depict emotions while striving for deeper symbolism. Of particular note are Paul Gauguin, who was strongly influenced by Asian, African and Japanese fine art, Vincent van Gogh, a Dutchman who moved to France where he drew on the potent sunlight of the south, and Toulouse-Lautrec, remembered for his bright paintings of night life in the Paris commune of Montmartre.^[17]

Symbolism, expressionism and cubism [edit]

Edvard Munch, a Norwegian artist, adult his symbolistic arroyo at the cease of the 19th century, inspired by the French impressionist Manet. The Scream (1893), his virtually famous work, is widely interpreted as representing the universal anxiety of modern homo. Partly equally a outcome of Munch's influence, the German expressionist motion originated in Frg at the commencement of the 20th century equally artists such as Ernst Kirschner and Erich Heckel began to distort reality for an emotional event.

In parallel, the way known equally cubism developed in France as artists focused on the volume and space of sharp structures within a composition. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were the leading proponents of the movement. Objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted class. By the 1920s, the fashion had adult into surrealism with Dali and Magritte.^[18]

Printmaking [edit]

Ancient Chinese engraving of female instrumentalists

Printmaking is creating, for artistic purposes, an image on a matrix that is then transferred to a two-dimensional (flat) surface by ways of ink (or another form of pigmentation). Except in the case of a monotype, the same matrix tin exist used to produce many examples of the print.

Historically, the major techniques (as well called media) involved are woodcut, line engraving, carving, lithography, and screen press (serigraphy, silk screening) but there are many others, including mod digital techniques. Normally, the impress is printed on paper, simply other mediums range from cloth and vellum to more modern materials.

European history [edit]

Prints in the Western tradition produced before about 1830 are known as old master prints. In Europe, from around 1400 Ad woodcut, was used for principal prints on newspaper by using printing techniques developed in the Byzantine and Islamic worlds. Michael Wolgemut improved German woodcut from about 1475, and Erhard Reuwich, a Dutchman, was the offset to use cantankerous-hatching. At the end of the century Albrecht Dürer brought the Western woodcut to a phase that has never been surpassed, increasing the condition of the single-leaf woodcut.^[19]

Chinese origin and practise [edit]

In China, the art of printmaking developed some i,100 years ago as illustrations aslope text cut in woodblocks for press on paper. Initially images were mainly religious simply in the Song Dynasty, artists began to cut landscapes. During the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1616–1911) dynasties, the technique was perfected for both religious and artistic engravings.^{[twenty] [21]}

Development in Japan 1603–1867 [edit]

Woodblock printing in Nihon (Japanese: 木版画, moku hanga) is a technique best known for its apply in the ukiyo-e artistic genre; however, it was as well used very widely for printing illustrated books in the same period. Woodblock printing had been used in People's republic of china for centuries to impress books, long earlier the appearance of movable type, but was only widely adopted in Japan during the Edo flow (1603–1867). Although like to woodcut in western printmaking in some regards, moku hanga differs profoundly in that water-based inks are used (as opposed to western woodcut, which uses oil-based inks), allowing for a broad range of vivid color, glazes and colour transparency.

Photography [edit]

Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of low-cal. The lite patterns reflected or emitted from objects are recorded onto a sensitive medium or storage chip through a timed exposure. The procedure is done through mechanical shutters or electronically timed exposure of photons into chemical processing or digitizing devices known as cameras.

The give-and-take comes from the Greek φως phos ("light"), and γραφις graphis ("stylus", "paintbrush") or γραφη graphê, together meaning "drawing with low-cal" or "representation by means of lines" or "drawing." Traditionally, the product of photography has been chosen a photo. The term photo is an abbreviation; many people also phone call them pictures. In digital photography, the term image has begun to supersede photograph. (The term image is traditional in geometric optics.)

Architecture [edit]

Architecture is the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are frequently perceived every bit cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

The primeval surviving written work on the subject field of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman builder Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. Co-ordinate to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, unremarkably known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would exist:

1. Durability – a building should stand up robustly and remain in good condition.
2. Utility – information technology should exist suitable for the purposes for which information technology is used.
3. Beauty – it should exist aesthetically pleasing.

Edifice first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (bachelor building materials and attendant skills). Equally human cultures developed and cognition began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that arts and crafts.

Filmmaking [edit]

Filmmaking is the process of making a motion-moving picture, from an initial conception and research, through scriptwriting, shooting and recording, animation or other special effects, editing, sound and music work and finally distribution to an audience; information technology refers broadly to the creation of all types of films, embracing documentary, strains of theatre and literature in film, and poetic or experimental practices, and is often used to refer to video-based processes as well.

Estimator art [edit]

Visual artists are no longer limited to traditional Visual arts media. Computers have been used as an ever more common tool in the visual arts since the 1960s. Uses include the capturing or creating of images and forms, the editing of those images and forms (including exploring multiple compositions) and the final rendering or printing (including 3D printing). Computer art is any in which computers played a office in production or display. Such art can be an image, sound, animation, video, CD-ROM, DVD, video game, website, algorithm, performance or gallery installation. Many traditional disciplines are now integrating digital technologies and, every bit a result, the lines betwixt traditional works of art and new media works created using computers have been blurred. For instance, an creative person may combine traditional painting with algorithmic art and other digital techniques. Every bit a result, defining computer art by its end product can be hard. All the same, this blazon of fine art is start to announced in fine art museum exhibits, though it has yet to evidence its legitimacy as a form unto itself and this technology is widely seen in contemporary art more than as a tool rather than a course as with painting. On the other hand, at that place are computer-based artworks which belong to a new conceptual and postdigital strand, bold the aforementioned technologies, and their social impact, every bit an object of inquiry.

Computer usage has blurred the distinctions between illustrators, photographers, photo editors, 3-D modelers, and handicraft artists. Sophisticated rendering and editing software has led to multi-skilled paradigm developers. Photographers may become digital artists. Illustrators may become animators. Handicraft may be calculator-aided or apply computer-generated imagery every bit a template. Computer clip art usage has likewise fabricated the articulate distinction betwixt visual arts and folio layout less obvious due to the like shooting fish in a barrel admission and editing of clip art in the process of paginating a document, particularly to the unskilled observer.

Plastic arts [edit]

Plastic arts is a term for art forms that involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium by moulding or modeling such equally sculpture or ceramics. The term has also been applied to all the visual (non-literary, non-musical) arts.^{[22] [23]}

Materials that can be carved or shaped, such every bit stone or woods, concrete or steel, have as well been included in the narrower definition, since, with appropriate tools, such materials are also capable of modulation.^{[ citation needed ]} This utilize of the term "plastic" in the arts should not exist dislocated with Piet Mondrian'southward use, nor with the motion he termed, in French and English language, "Neoplasticism."

Sculpture [edit]

Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard or plastic textile, sound, or text and or light, commonly stone (either stone or marble), clay, metallic, glass, or forest. Some sculptures are created straight by finding or carving; others are assembled, built together and fired, welded, molded, or bandage. Sculptures are often painted.^[24] A person who creates sculptures is called a sculptor.

Because sculpture involves the use of materials that tin can be moulded or modulated, it is considered 1 of the plastic arts. The majority of public art is sculpture. Many sculptures together in a garden setting may be referred to as a sculpture garden. Sculptors do non always make sculptures by hand. With increasing applied science in the 20th century and the popularity of conceptual fine art over technical mastery, more sculptors turned to art fabricators to produce their artworks. With fabrication, the artist creates a design and pays a fabricator to produce information technology. This allows sculptors to create larger and more complex sculptures out of material like cement, metal and plastic, that they would not exist able to create past hand. Sculptures can too be fabricated with 3-d printing applied science.

US copyright definition of visual art [edit]

In the United States, the police protecting the copyright over a piece of visual fine art gives a more restrictive definition of "visual art".^[25]

A "work of visual fine art" is —
(1) a painting, drawing, print or sculpture, existing in a single re-create, in a limited edition of 200 copies or fewer that are signed and consecutively numbered past the author, or, in the case of a sculpture, in multiple cast, carved, or fabricated sculptures of 200 or fewer that are consecutively numbered past the author and bear the signature or other identifying mark of the author; or
(ii) a nevertheless photographic image produced for exhibition purposes merely, existing in a single re-create that is signed by the author, or in a express edition of 200 copies or fewer that are signed and consecutively numbered by the author.

A work of visual art does non include —
(A)(i) whatsoever poster, map, world, chart, technical drawing, diagram, model, applied art, motion picture or other audiovisual work, book, magazine, newspaper, periodical, information base, electronic data service, electronic publication, or similar publication;
  (2) whatsoever merchandising item or advertisement, promotional, descriptive, covering, or packaging material or container;
  (iii) any portion or function of any item described in clause (i) or (ii);
(B) any work fabricated for rent; or
(C) any work not subject to copyright protection nether this title.

See likewise [edit]

• Fine art materials
• Asemic writing
• Collage
• Crowdsourcing artistic work
• Décollage
• Environmental art
• Constitute object
• Graffiti
• History of art
• Illustration
• Installation art
• Interactive art
• Landscape art
• Mathematics and art
• Mixed media
• Portraiture
• Process fine art
• Recording medium
• Sketch (drawing)
• Sound art
• Vexillography
• Video fine art
• Visual arts and Theosophy
• Visual damage in art
• Visual poetry

References [edit]

1. ^ An About.com article by art expert, Shelley Esaak: What Is Visual Art?
2. ^ Different Forms of Art – Applied Art. Buzzle.com. Retrieved xi December 2010.
3. ^ "Centre for Arts and Pattern in Toronto, Canada". Georgebrown.ca. 15 February 2011. Archived from the original on 28 October 2011. Retrieved thirty October 2011.
4. ^ Art History: Arts and crafts Movement: (1861–1900). From Globe Broad Arts Resources Archived xiii October 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
5. ^ Ulger, Kani (1 March 2016). "The artistic grooming in the visual arts education". Thinking Skills and Inventiveness. 19: 73–87. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2015.10.007. ISSN 1871-1871.
6. ^ Adrone, Gumisiriza. "Schoolhouse of industrial art and design".
7. ^ "drawing | Principles, Techniques, & History". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 August 2020.
8. ^ History of Cartoon. From Dibujos para Pintar. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
9. ^ "Drawing". History.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
10. ^ "painting | History, Elements, Techniques, Types, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 Baronial 2020.
11. ^ History of Painting. From History Globe. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
12. ^ "Art history | visual arts". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 August 2020.
13. ^ History of Renaissance Painting. From ART 340 Painting. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
14. ^ Mutsaers, Inge. "Ashgate Joins Routledge – Routledge" (PDF). Ashgate.com. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
15. ^ "Impressionist art & paintings, What is Impressionist art? Introduction to Impressionism". Retrieved 24 September 2018.
16. ^ Impressionism. Webmuseum, Paris. Retrieved 24 October 2009
17. ^ Mail service-Impressionism. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
18. ^ Modern Art Movements. Irish Art Encyclopedia. Retrieved 25 Oct 2009.
19. ^ The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques. The Metropolitan Museum of Fine art. Retrieved 25 Oct 2009.
20. ^ Engraving in Chinese Fine art. From Engraving Review Archived 29 July 2012 at archive.today. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
21. ^ The History of Engraving in Prc. From ChinaVista. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
22. ^ Art Terminology at KSU ^{[ dead link ]}
23. ^ "Merriam-Webster Online (entry for "plastic arts")". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved thirty October 2011.
24. ^ Gods in Color: Painted Sculpture of Classical Artifact 22 September 2007 Through 20 January 2008, The Arthur G. Sackler Museum Archived four January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
25. ^ "Copyright Law of the United states of America – Chapter 1 (101. Definitions)". .gov. Retrieved 30 October 2011.

Bibliography [edit]

• Barnes, A. C., The Art in Painting, 3rd ed., 1937, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., NY.
• Bukumirovic, D. (1998). Maga Magazinovic. Biblioteka Fatalne srpkinje knj. br. four. Beograd: Narodna knj.
• Fazenda, M. J. (1997). Between the pictorial and the expression of ideas: the plastic arts and literature in the trip the light fantastic toe of Paula Massano. n.p.
• Gerón, C. (2000). Enciclopedia de las artes plásticas dominicanas: 1844–2000. 4th ed. Dominican Republic s.n.
• Oliver Grau (Ed.): MediaArtHistories. MIT-Press, Cambridge 2007. with Rudolf Arnheim, Barbara Stafford, Sean Cubitt, W. J. T. Mitchell, Lev Manovich, Christiane Paul, Peter Weibel a.o. Rezensionen
• Laban, R. Five. (1976). The language of motility: a guidebook to choreutics. Boston: Plays.
• La Farge, O. (1930). Plastic prayers: dances of the Southwestern Indians. n.p.
• Restany, P. (1974). Plastics in arts. Paris, New York: north.p.
• University of Pennsylvania. (1969). Plastics and new art. Philadelphia: The Falcon Pr.

External links [edit]

• ArtLex – online lexicon of visual art terms.
• Calendar for Artists – calendar listing of visual art festivals.
• Art History Timeline by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts